01996nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005800114260004200172300001000214490000600224520123700230653000901467653001601476653002901492653001501521653001501536653001301551653002001564653001501584653002101599100001901620700002101639700002101660856003701681       2017                        eng d  a1927-032100aTowards Third-Generation Living Lab Networks in Cities0 aTowards ThirdGeneration Living Lab Networks in Cities  aOttawabTalent First Networkc11/2017  a21-350 v73 aMany cities engage in diverse experimentation, innovation, and development activities with a broad variety of environments and stakeholders to the benefit of citizens, companies, municipalities, and other organizations. Hence, this article discusses such engagement in terms of next-generation living lab networks in the city context. In so doing, the study contributes to the discussion on living labs by introducing a framework of collaborative innovation networks in cities and suggesting a typology of third-generation living labs. Our framework is characterized by diverse platforms and participation approaches, resulting in four distinctive modes of collaborative innovation networks where the city is: i) a provider, ii) a neighbourhood participator, iii) a catalyst, or iv) a rapid experimenter. The typology is based on an analysis of 118 interviews with participants in six Finnish cities and reveals various ways to organize innovation activities in the city context. In particular, cities can benefit from innovation networks by simultaneously exploiting multiple platforms such as living labs for innovation. We conclude by discussing implications to theory and practice, and suggesting directions for future research.10acity10aco-creation10acollaborative innovation10ainnovation10aLiving lab10anetworks10aOpen innovation10asmart city10athird-generation1 aLeminen, Seppo1 aRajahonka, Mervi1 aWesterlund, Mika  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/111801835nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260004200239300001000281490000600291520098400297653001801281653002901299653003001328653002401358653000901382653002201391653004201413653001501455653002201470100001901492700002101511856003701532       2016                        eng d  a1927-032100aCollaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities0 aCollaborative Innovation with External Actors An Empirical Study  aOttawabTalent First Networkc12/2016  a49-600 v63 aDespite the rapid increase of public–private–people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors.10acollaboration10acollaborative innovation10ainnovation intermediaries10ainnovation platform10aPPPP10apublic innovation10apublic–private–people partnership10asmart city10aurban development1 aOjasalo, Jukka1 aKauppinen, Heini  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/104102534nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260004200243300001000285490000600295520181000301653002902111653002802140653002902168653002702197653001502224100001902239700002102258856003702279       2016                        eng d  a1927-032100aIntegrating Open Innovation Platforms in Public Sector Decision Making: Empirical Results from Smart City Research0 aIntegrating Open Innovation Platforms in Public Sector Decision   aOttawabTalent First Networkc12/2016  a38-480 v63 aThe purpose of this article is to increase knowledge of integrating an open innovation platform into public sector decision-making processes. Many of the distinctive characteristics of public sector decision-making processes pose a challenge for innovation collaboration with external actors. Often, external actors are not aware of these distinctive characteristics, or they find it very difficult to adapt to them. Particularly SMEs and startups find it difficult to adjust their operation to public sector decision-making processes. The existing literature includes very little knowledge of how such an innovation platform, which is an intermediary between a city and external actors, relates to the city’s decision-making processes. Still, this is an important issue considering the prerequisites of the success of an innovation platform. This qualitative explorative study is based on data from in-depth interviews and co-creative multi-actor workshops with participants from city governments and other organizations. It proposes a model of open innovation platform for public sector decision making in a city. The article contributes to the literature dealing with innovation intermediaries as well as public sector decision making in enhancement of innovation. It identifies and introduces three different kinds of relationships that are present and partly interwoven in open innovation platforms and intermediary organizations: governing, sparring, and collaborative. The prosed model shows a practical way of organizing the three types of relationships of an innovation platform with the city’s decision making and external actors. The model also helps in combining different decision-making cultures between the public, private, and third sectors in the context of collaborative innovation. 10acollaborative innovation10ainnovation intermediary10aopen innovation platform10apublic decision making10asmart city1 aOjasalo, Jukka1 aTähtinen, Lassi  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/104001697nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260004200153300001000195490000600205520103400211653002901245653002101274653001301295653001501308653002001323653001501343100002101358700001901379700002101398856003601419       2015                        eng d  a1927-032100aCities as Collaborative Innovation Platforms0 aCities as Collaborative Innovation Platforms  aOttawabTalent First Networkc10/2015  a16-230 v53 aIn this article, we focus on the role of a city as an orchestrator for innovation. We argue that cities should establish active dialogue with their citizens,  and private and public sectors actors to co-create, develop, test, and offer service innovations that utilize diverse sets of platforms such as living labs. Our research contributes to the discussions of open and user innovations from the perspective of cities as communities that involve and integrate citizens and companies to collaborative innovation activities. While acknowledging that cities are platforms for simultaneous and divergent innovation initiatives, we identify four principal types of collaborative innovation. Cities serve as platforms for: i) improving everyday life; ii) conducting consumer and citizen experiments; iii) experimenting and implementing new technologies and services; and iv) creating new innovations and economies. Finally, we offer guidelines for fostering collaborative innovation activities between the public and private sectors.10acollaborative innovation10acreative citizen10aindustry10aLiving lab10aOpen innovation10asmart city1 aTukiainen, Taina1 aLeminen, Seppo1 aWesterlund, Mika  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/93301967nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260004200204300000900246490000600255520131400261653002401575653001501599653002501614653001501639653001201654100002101666700002601687856003601713       2015                        eng d  a1927-032100aThe City as Living Laboratory: Empowering Citizens with the Citadel Toolkit0 aCity as Living Laboratory Empowering Citizens with the Citadel T  aOttawabTalent First Networkc03/2015  a6-170 v53 aLately, the concept of smart cities has been changing from a top-down and mostly technological-driven approach, towards a bottom-up process that facilitates participation and collaboration among city stakeholders. In this latter respect, the city is an ecosystem in which smart applications, open government data, and new modes of participation are fostering innovation. However, detailed analyses on how to manage bottom-up smart city initiatives, as well as descriptions of underlying challenges and barriers, are still scarce. Therefore, this article investigates four collaborative smart city initiatives in Europe to learn how cities can optimize citizen involvement in the context of public sector innovation. The analytical framework focuses on the different stakeholder roles in the ecosystem and the civic capacities to participate in the innovation process. The findings illustrate how more inclusive citizen involvement can be realized by providing different tools that align with the specific capacities and skills of the citizens. Furthermore, through specified workshop formats and peer learning, citizens lacking technical skills were also enabled to participate in the evolution of their cities, and to generate solutions from which both the city and everyday urban life can possibly benefit. 10acitizen involvement10aLiving lab10aopen government data10asmart city10atoolkit1 aVeeckman, Carina1 avan der Graaf, Shenja  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/877