01845nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260004200237300001000279490000600289520110300295653003001398653002301428653001101451653002201462653002901484100001701513700002601530700002201556856003701578       2018                        eng d  a1927-032100aGender-Specific Constraints on Academic Entrepreneurship and Engagement in Knowledge and Technology Transfer0 aGenderSpecific Constraints on Academic Entrepreneurship and Enga  aOttawabTalent First Networkc02/2018  a15-260 v83 aThis article analyzes gender-specific constraints impacting scientists’ engagement in knowledge and technology transfer and entrepreneurial activities at public research institutions in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To this end, we followed an exploratory case study approach and conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 40 academic entrepreneurs. The analysis revealed constraints impacting scientists’ active engagement in transfer and entrepreneurship on two levels. On the meta-level, we identified constraints related to: i) nationwide transfer culture and ii) funding guidelines and structures. On the operational level, we identified constraints related to: i) organizational strategies and practices; ii) organizational culture; and iii) individual attributes and attitudes. By analyzing gender differences among these constraints, the study contributes to an understanding of varying needs for gender-specific founding support programs. The study also derives several implications for managing transfer at research organizations.10aacademic entrepreneurship10aacademic spin-offs10agender10aqualitative study10aresearch-based companies1 aSinell, Anna1 aMüller-Wieland, Roda1 aMuschner, Antonia  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/1136