@article {1442,
	title = {Barriers to Value Specification when Carrying out Digitalization Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	pages = {54-64},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {54},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {If digitalization projects aim to effectively create value for a company, one precondition is having a shared view among company staff and project members of what the "desirable" value is. However, it has been shown that few companies fully understand the value that digitalization projects can create for them, while many companies still launch digitalization projects without having gained much understanding. This contributes to the current "alarmingly" low success rate for digitalization projects. Developing effective methods to specify the desired values of digitalization projects has hence become important. One step in developing improved specification methods is to ask what the possible barriers are to improving current value specification practices. The purpose of the current study is to address this. We analyzed several digitalization projects regarding how specifications of desired project value were carried out, finding that very limited resources are spent on specifying desired values in digitalization projects, this limits project success. Likewise, there are several barriers to increasing resources for specifying desired values. Our findings contribute to understanding the development of value specification methods that aim to overcome these barriers and thus could help improve the success rate of digitalization projects.},
	keywords = {automation, digitalization, effectiveness, resource-efficiency, Value specification},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1442},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1442},
	author = {Sten Grahn and Anna Granlund and Erik Lindhult}
}
@article {1447,
	title = {Learning from Early Adopters of Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Review of Supply Chain Case Studies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {19-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {19},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Blockchain technology is widely seen as a promising technology for global supply chains, though early adoption of the technology is both costly and risky. Along with many other discouraging factors, large investments required to enter or develop a blockchain raise barriers to entry. Concerns about potential benefits, on the other hand, have led to companies questioning whether it is worth it. Consequently, many players in the global arena are still preferring to wait by observing current practices before making investments, while trying to figure out what the technology might bring them. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to research various implementations of blockchain technology in supply chains, in order to learn from its early adopters. For this purpose, we chose case studies as the research method, which we used in a systematic way. We focused on multiple relevant case studies from previous research concerning the use of blockchain technology in supply chain practices. Through a systematic analysis of case studies, the study paper aims at bringing forward different views, approaches and results about blockchain adoption, as a way to show the pros and cons of adopting the technology under certain circumstances. The previous research was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. This paper contributes to the literature by showcasing the use of blockchain in supply chains via multiple cases to learn from early blockchain adopters in supply chain practices.
},
	keywords = {blockchain, digitalization, distributed ledger technology, supply chain, systematic review},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1447},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1447},
	author = {Sevda Dede and Mesut Can K{\"o}seo{\u g}lu and H. Funda Yercan}
}
@article {1372,
	title = {A Conceptual Development of a Business Model Typology in Tourism: the impact of digitalization and location},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	pages = {17-28},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {17},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This paper aims to conceptually develop a business model typology in tourism. It focuses on digitalization and destination location as important contextual factors when developing the typology. The paper builds on prior research on business models and tourism research by adopting configuration theory to create a typology of business models in tourism businesses. Four business model archetypes are identified: (1) bricks and mortar business models, (2) digitalized destinations, (3) create a destination, and (4) intermediary business models. The typology contributes to the literature by identifying different types of business models in the tourism sector. The typology also helps to ground the business model concept theoretically, something that has been considered as missing in previous business model research.},
	keywords = {business models, configurations, destination, digitalization, location, technology, tourism, typology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1372},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1372},
	author = {Gabriel Linton and Christina {\"O}berg}
}
@article {1344,
	title = {Digitalization and SMEs{\textquoteright} Export Management: Impacts on Resources and Capabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {18-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {18},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digitalization is becoming an increasingly central issue for companies. However, most companies, and in particular SMEs, are struggling to engage in a coherent global digital transformation process. Indeed, digitalization affects much of a company{\textquoteright}s organizational strategy, including the development of market opportunities. Digitalization has been identified as an element that fosters the internationalization of SMEs. However, the integration of digital technology requires investments and changes in a company{\textquoteright}s internal practices through the mobilization of new resources, as well as by implementing specific capabilities to manage them. The objective of this research work is therefore to examine the impact of SMEs{\textquoteright} digital transformation on their internationalization capability. Relying on an extensive exploratory literature review, digital facilitators were identified and classified into three categories: e-commerce, e-marketing, and e-business. Then, a cross-analysis between the identification of digital facilitators from the literature and a framework of SMEs{\textquoteright} export practices (the Potential Export Index, Enjolras et al., 2016) was conducted in order to highlight differentiated impacts that can be theoretically identified. The most impacted export practices are related to the strategic vision of the firm, the customization of its offerings, its network dynamic, and its internal organization. E-commerce facilitators concern the supply chain organization, e-marketing facilitators are related to communications and customer relations, and e-business facilitators impact the company as a whole.},
	keywords = {digitalization, export practices, facilitators, impacts, SME},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1344},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1344},
	author = {Benjamin Dethine and Manon Enjolras and Davy Monticolo}
}
@article {1343,
	title = {Digitalization, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Internationalization of Micro-, Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {5-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Nowadays, we are living in a digitally connected global economy that is completely transforming trade in foreign markets and exposing firms, particularly micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), to major changes and new opportunities. As the use of digital technologies is creating more fluidity and nonlinearity across time and space in entrepreneurial processes, our research adopted a conceptual process to investigate how the digital transformation of MSMEs will support decision-makers in international businesses. Based on a quantitative research design, we demonstrate that the more a company digitalizes its functions, the more it favours entrepreneurial behavior to lead successful strategic decisions in foreign markets. Our results are discussed in detail and we propose several ways to benefit from opportunities arising from the use of digital technologies.},
	keywords = {digital entrepreneurship, digitalization, Entrepreneurial Orientaton, international entrepreneurship, MSMEs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1343},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1343},
	author = {Anna{\"e}le Herv{\'e} and Christophe Schmitt and Rico Baldegger}
}
@article {1346,
	title = {Digitalization, Internationalization and Scaling of Online SMEs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {48-57},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {48},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {While small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly required to look for growth beyond their national markets, the increasing digitalization of the global economy provides them with ample opportunities for internationalization. However, many SMEs are unable to internationalize digitally because they were not initially designed to scale that way, and managing business model scaling in the online environment is challenging. In response to this, the current study applies a quantitative descriptive analysis of survey data on business adoption of digital technologies by 535 Canadian online-based SMEs. The aim is to understand, 1) how internationally-oriented online SMEs differ in terms of their digitalization from those focused on domestic markets, and 2) how these differences are related to the companies\&rsquo; business model for scaling internationally. The results show that internationally-oriented online SMEs differ from their domestically-oriented peers, in terms of a higher degree in the 1) use of information systems, 2) extent of value networks, 3) emphasis on key internal resources, and, 4) dealing with cybersecurity issues. The study contributes to the literature by suggesting that online SMEs willing to scale internationally through digitalization need to develop a set of capabilities in regard to partnering, customer relationship, and business process management, as well as investing in information and communication (ICT) resources and cyber resilience.},
	keywords = {business model, digitalization, internationalization, scaling, SME},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1346},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1346},
	author = {Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {1342,
	title = {Editorial: Digitalization and Internationalization (April 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business network hubs, businessmodel, coaching, digital entrepreneurship, digitalization, digitalmarketing, entrepreneurial orientation, export practices, facilitators, impacts, international entrepreneurship, internationalization, liability of foreignness, MSMEs, network view, scaling, SME internationalization, SMEs, support institutions, training},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1342},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1342},
	author = {Christophe Schmitt and Rico Baldegger}
}
@article {1373,
	title = {Internationalization and Digitalization: Applying digital technologies to the internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	pages = {29-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {29},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digitalization is playing an increasingly important role in the growth of firms and is leading to structural and strategic transformations. The use of digital technologies presents new opportunities for SMEs to expand and succeed in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the impact of digital technologies on the internationalization process of SMEs has been acknowledged in the literature. It offers an in-depth analysis of five of the most highly relevant recent scientific research papers. The findings are synthetized through key points that highlight how SMEs acting in foreign markets could benefit from digital technologies. This paper complements previous research on the international trade transition initiated by digital technologies and provides a new perspective on contemporary research regarding the internationalization of firms. It concludes by identifying implications for research by scholars seeking to further study the digital aspects of traditional theoretical models of internationalization.},
	keywords = {digital entrepreneurship, digital technologies, digitalization, international business, internationalization, SMEs.},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1373},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1373},
	author = {Anna{\"e}le Herv{\'e} and Christophe Schmitt and Rico Baldegger}
}
@article {1270,
	title = {Editorial: Celebrating Innovation in Florence (October 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {10/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	chapter = {3},
	keywords = {behavioural economics, behavioural science, bibliometric analysis, business models, Buyer-Supplier Relationships, choice architecture, collaboration, consumer-to-business, Content creator-based business models, content creators, creativity management, digital platforms, digital technologies, digital transformation, Digital user involvement, digitalization, digitization, disruption, e-commerce, human-centered data economy, IIoT, Industry 4.0, innovation, innovation policy, intellectual commerce, Living lab, mission-led science, multisided platforms, personal data, research impact, social commerce, Supplier Integration, taxonomy, user-generated content},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1278,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (November 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {11/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, competitive advantage, cybersecurity, deep learning, Deepfake, design rules, digitalization, entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurial university, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, fake news, innovation, international entrepreneurship, leadership, Learning Capabilities, marketing, motivation, new venture teams, quadruple helix, sanctions, SMEs, teamwork, triple helix, university business incubation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1278},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1278},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1207,
	title = {Editorial: Technology Commercialization and Entrepreneurship (January 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {3-8},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {commercialization, digitalization, e-leadership, entrepreneurship, framework, innovation, internationalization, legitimacy, management, SMEs, startups, technology, technology intensity, ventures},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1207},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1207},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Ferran Giones and Dev K. Dutta}
}
@article {1211,
	title = {The Effect of Digitalization on the Commercialization Process of High-Technology Companies in the Life Sciences Industry},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {49-63},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article examines how digitalization influences the commercialization of high technologies in the life sciences industry. It is based on a cross-case study focused on pharmaceutical, medical device, and e-health companies in Finland. Both company representatives and regional stakeholders were interviewed. The findings suggest that {\textquotedblleft}digitalization{\textquotedblright} needs to be distinguished from {\textquotedblleft}digitization{\textquotedblright} because both terms seem to be misused or used interchangeably. The findings also show that digitalization led to a concurrent implementation of commercialization processes. Furthermore, the findings revealed that digitalization positively influenced commercialization activities, especially information sourcing and management, various assessments, and official activities, big data creation, and activity routinization. It was also revealed that the creation of new sets of big data and fear of digital attacks are negative influences on digitalization. These findings make a theoretical contribution to the discourses on digitalization and commercialization, but they also provide insights for scientists, engineers, and life science companies.},
	keywords = {commercialization process, digitalization, Finland, life sciences},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1211},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1211},
	author = {Saheed A. Gbadegeshin}
}
@article {1281,
	title = {The Impact of Digitalization and Resources on Gaining Competitive Advantage in International Markets: Mediating Role of Marketing, Innovation and Learning Capabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {11/2019},
	pages = {26-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {26},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {International Entrepreneurship as a field of studies depends on digitalization as an essential factor that drives internationalization. Riding on the wave of digitalization, firms can produce and market their products and services globally through digital platforms with reduced costs and time savings. Yet, digitalization as a determinant of competitive advantages for small and medium enterprises in international markets is rarely examined. This study fills the gap by testing the direct and indirect effects of digitalization on enterprise, specifically focusing on price, product and service advantages in digitalized international markets. Based on the data collected from 143 exporting SME manufacturers in Malaysia, results from our analysis revealed that digitalization has no direct effect on competitive advantage, but rather has strong indirect effects on product and service advantages. Managers and policymakers can thus leverage digitalization to improve their company{\textquoteright}s internationalization plans according to its intended competitive strategies.},
	keywords = {competitive advantage, digitalization, innovation, international entrepreneurship, Learning Capabilities, marketing, SMEs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1281},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1281},
	author = {Yan Yin Lee and Mohammad Falahat}
}
@article {1158,
	title = {The Impact of Digitalization on the Speed of Internationalization of Lean Global Startups},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {05/2018},
	pages = {44-54},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Lean global startups need to internationalize early and fast. The digitalization of new foreign market development helps them to more efficiently identify new market opportunities in global markets. With this approach, they are saving resources while developing the most attractive markets. This article examines how lean global startups develop new foreign markets more rapidly due to digitalization. Thus, the aim is to understand the impact of digitalization on speed of internationalization of lean global startups. The study addresses a gap in the scholarly literature and a practical need to evaluate new foreign markets and business opportunities more quickly and more regularly and to understand what helps lean global startups react more quickly to opportunities and threats with respect to changing market attractiveness. Furthermore, it outlines why and how digitalization is important throughout the internationalization process. The research followed a multiple case-study design using different sources of evidence, including 73 interviews with senior managers of lean global startups. The findings reveal that digitalization allows lean global startups to increase decision-making efficiency and to optimize strategies and processes for evaluating international markets. The findings suggest that lean global startups can benefit from the use of digital technologies by applying a more efficient foreign market development process with regular reviews and a reduced workflow, by faster mediation between local market realities and strategic goals, by analyzing all foreign markets instead of just a sample of them, and by optimizing decision-making processes including the ability to make long-term, strategic decisions due to better market information. },
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, big data analytics, digitalization, global marketing, international business, international business development, international entrepreneurship, international management, lean global startup, machine learning},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1158},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1158},
	author = {Michael Neubert}
}
@article {870,
	title = {Implementation Prerequisites for Electronic Procurement of Services},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {02/2015},
	pages = {15-23},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Service procurement is a business function of increasing importance and is highly suitable for integration of electronic support, but it suffers from severe research deficits. As yet, implementation prerequisites for electronic procurement of services are obscure and not quantifiable. In this research project, organization, formalization, and specialization of procurement and standardization and strategic importance of the procured services are identified as relevant implementation prerequisites. Measurement models for these prerequisites are established and proven through quantitative empirical research. As such, this article is a major step towards a more rigorous investigation of electronic procurement of services.},
	keywords = {digitalization, electronic procurement, implementation, improvement, process innovation, procurement, purchasing, service management, service procurement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/870},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/870},
	author = {Ute Reuter}
}
