@article {1129,
	title = {The Dynamics of Knowledge Sharing in the Biotechnology Industry: An Indian Perspective},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {5-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The role of biotechnology in providing an alternate, more productive approach to new drug development is well accepted globally. Multinational pharmaceutical companies have begun outsourcing product development and its clinical validation to biotechnology firms in India. The sector in India has also witnessed the entry of startups in various phases of the drug development value chain. Technological innovation is a key growth driver in the {\textquotedblleft}bio pharma{\textquotedblright} vertical in recognition of which numerous alliances are seen in the sector in India. These alliances have put in place a structure for technological learning to happen, which is necessary for innovation. However, the nature of knowledge in biotechnology, in large measure, is both tacit and complex. Such knowledge is difficult to transfer. At the same time, transferability of knowledge is critical to developing technological capability, which in turn can facilitate the technological innovations that are crucial for the growth of the sector in India. The current research is motivated by the question of how the firms in this sector deal with this paradox. An exploratory approach is adopted to understand the practices of knowledge sharing as well as its perceived impediments at the firm level in the Indian context. },
	keywords = {absorptive capacity, biotechnology, India, knowledge sharing, tacit knowledge},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1129},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1129},
	author = {Tripurasundari Joshi}
}
@article {1128,
	title = {Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India (January 2018)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {emerging markets, entrepreneurship, India, innovation, rural, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1128},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1128},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Punit Saurabh}
}
@article {1132,
	title = {Q\&A. What Barriers Do Women Face in Becoming High-Tech Entrepreneurs in Rural India?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {33-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {barriers, challenges, entrepreneurship, India, rural, technology, women},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1132},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1132},
	author = {Rituparna Basu and Sarada Chatterjee}
}
@article {1131,
	title = {Technology Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: An Exploration of Entrepreneurial Models Prevalent in India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {24-32},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Are the features and processes of entrepreneurship {\textendash} such as wealth creation, risk taking, vision, identification of a niche market, launching new products, and so on {\textendash} common across the world? Many would assume they would be. However, firms that are entrepreneurial in nature and belong to emerging markets may or may not follow the established models of developed economies. In this study, we sought to explore various types of entrepreneurial models that are prevalent in an emerging market. For this purpose, we collected primary and secondary data to identify characteristics of technology-based entrepreneurial firms in India. Based on the two dimensions of degree of demand/supply and expected loss/risk, we identify four models of entrepreneurship {\textendash} incremental, proactive, radical, and reactive {\textendash} and illustrate each model with examples from Indian companies. },
	keywords = {emerging markets, entrepreneurship, India, models, technology, typology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1131},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1131},
	author = {Shiv S Tripathi and Mita Brahma}
}
@article {1130,
	title = {Understanding the Role of Rural Entrepreneurs in Telecentre Sustainability: A Comparative Study of the Akshaya and eSeva Projects in India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {16-23},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In rural areas of India, telecentres provide access to computers and other digital technologies and have been utilized as a delivery channel for various government services. Following a public{\textendash}private partnership (PPP) model, there is a general belief among policy makers that the revenue from government-to-consumer (G2C) services would be sufficient to cover the village-level entrepreneurs{\textquoteright} cash flow requirements and therefore provide financial sustainability. Also, the literature suggests that telecentres have a large enough market for public-access businesses to be commercially viable. In India, around 100,000 telecentres are being set up to serve 600,000 villages {\textendash} one telecentre for every six villages {\textendash} to provide one-window access to government services. In the literature, a lack of government services is often quoted as a reason for telecentre failure. This study, using an exploratory approach, aims to understand the parameters that relate to the sustainability of telecentres across a number of common, government-related services. It is observed that some telecentres perform better than the others even though they have the same number of government-related services. Reasons for such differences are explored and the learnings from this research will benefit the stakeholders who are engaged in providing telecentre-based services in other developing countries. In addition, a theoretical framework is suggested to understand the dynamics between different types of sustainability parameters such as financial, social, staff, technology, and institutional. The findings of this research have policy implications in terms of the way services are designed and delivered through telecentres in developing countries such as India. },
	keywords = {developing countries, entrepreneurship, India, services, sustainability, telecentres},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1130},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1130},
	author = {Gaurav Mishra and Balakrishnan Unny R}
}
@article {1090,
	title = {Comparing the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems for Technology Startups in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07/2017},
	pages = {47-62},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology startups are gaining increasing attention from policy makers the world over because they are seen as a means of encouraging innovations, spurring the development of new products and services, and generating employment. Technology startups tend to thrive when inserted in a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Therefore, ecosystem promotion is being given increasing policy support. However, the emergence and structure of entrepreneurial ecosystems for technology startups have hardly been traced and examined in detail. In India, Bangalore occupies a unique position in the startup world, and Hyderabad is fast emerging as one of the promising startup hubs in the country. Given this background, we set out to explore and examine the structure, evolution, and growth of ecosystems for technology startups in the context of Bangalore and Hyderabad. Both the ecosystems emerged due to the initial foundation laid in the form of government{\textendash}industry{\textendash}academia triple helix and their interactions leading to the emergence of a modern industrial cluster followed by an information technology and biotechnology cluster, which then led to R\&D cluster serving both the cities. These three clusters together, gradually and steadily, facilitated an entrepreneurial ecosystem for technology startups to emerge. The ecosystem operates within the triple helix model and has a nucleus with two outer layers: i) an inner layer of primary (indispensable) factors and ii) an outer layer of supplementary (secondary) factors. Through the analysis of the experiences of Bangalore and Hyderabad and their ecosystem evolution, its structure, and components, we derive key lessons for others within and beyond India. },
	keywords = {Bangalore, ecosystems, entrepreneurship, Hyderabad, India, startups, technology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1090},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1090},
	author = {M H Bala Subrahmanya}
}
@article {1086,
	title = {Editorial: 10th Anniversary Issue (July 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07/2017},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {ecosystems, entrepreneurship, inclusive innovation, India, knowledge commercialization, living labs, OSBR, TIM Review, topic modelling, universities, urban},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1086},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1086},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {984,
	title = {Editorial: Entrepreneurial India (May 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Brand India, entrepreneurship, higher education institutions, India, intellectual property, Make in India, Open innovation, research, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/984},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/984},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Dharmesh Raval}
}
@article {987,
	title = {Open Innovation in Indian Organizations: Types of Collaboration},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {15-23},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In order to succeed, it is important for any organization to leverage the power of the known and unknown networks around it. The organization must collaborate with others, and to do so requires it to open up its boundaries  inside-out, outside-in, or both. However, the type of collaboration required to work with other parties and the respective output is different across different organizations on account of need, R\&D intensity, capability, and risk-taking ability, as well as the nature of the business and industry. The major problem that comes in the way of open innovation in Indian organizations is their risk taking ability; the more an organization collaborates, the more risk it is taking by sharing internal information with the other parties. Through a sample of 31 manufacturing-based firms in India belonging to 12 different industries, the article explores the types of collaborations that they have with various related or unrelated organizations as they engage in open innovation. The article compares the collaborations each industry has entered into to identify the industries that are more open to take risks by collaborating with other parties in multiple ways. },
	keywords = {collaboration, forms, India, manufacturing, Open innovation, risk, types},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/987},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/987},
	author = {Shiv S. Tripathi}
}
@article {816,
	title = {Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India (August 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {education, entrepreneurship, government support, India, innovation, knowledge systems, policy, service innovation, stakeholders, startups, uncertainty, university},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/816},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/816},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Kalyan Kumar Guin}
}
@article {817,
	title = {Entrepreneurship Education in India: A Critical Assessment and a Proposed Framework},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {5-10},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Entrepreneurship education is considered as one of the most influential forces that determine the health of the economy. Hence, ignoring controversies on whether entrepreneurship can be taught, the majority of the top business schools in India offer entrepreneurship education with tailored elective courses to inculcate a wide range of skills encompassing a multi-disciplinary approach among mature management students. However, considering the basic synergies of core management subjects such as marketing and entrepreneurship, both of which provide an opportunity to develop unique solutions to satisfy customer needs, the study of entrepreneurial aspects as a prerequisite for management education and research seems indispensable when specifically catering to the growing entrepreneurial intent in developing economies. This approach necessitates a compulsory initiation of entrepreneurship courses early in the curricula of contemporary business schools. In this context, the present article aims to qualitatively review the current entrepreneurship education regime in India to propose an effective ecosystem for integrating and promoting entrepreneurship education as fundamental to mainstream business education in India.},
	keywords = {entrepreneurship, India, management education, marketing, qualitative research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/817},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/817},
	author = {Rituparna Basu}
}
@article {818,
	title = {The Government of India{\textquoteright}s Role in Promoting Innovation through Policy Initiatives for Entrepreneurship Development},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {11-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In spite of having a large publicly funded science and technology infrastructure and a sizeable education base, India has not been able to realize its innovative potential due to a fragmented innovation ecosystem. The government of India has taken many initiatives towards strengthening the innovation ecosystem, the most important of which are: i) the establishment of the National Innovation Council, whose mandate is to coordinate various innovation-related activities, and ii) the new Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013, which is intended to promote entrepreneurship and science-led solutions for sustainable and inclusive growth. With a focus on this new policy initiative, this article describes the current innovation ecosystem and the challenges it faces, and it discusses the efforts made by the government towards the promotion of innovation for entrepreneurship development and sustainable growth. With the implementation of this new policy the early indications are that India is poised to take a big leap towards innovation-led growth.},
	keywords = {economic growth, entrepreneurship, government, India, innovation, innovation ecosystem, policy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/818},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/818},
	author = {Ravindra Abhyankar}
}
@article {820,
	title = {Perceived Environmental Uncertainty for Startups: A Note on Entrepreneurship Research from an Indian Perspective},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {27-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In an entrepreneurship environment, understanding uncertainty is critical to startups because it is directly related to the context of decision making. In an emerging country such as India, uncertainties are more predominant due to the very nature of the emerging country, which is characterized by an underdeveloped institutional setup, a lack of protection for legal and intellectual property rights, underdeveloped factor markets, and high transaction costs. In this article, a systematic review of the existing literature on environment and uncertainty in an entrepreneurial, emerging-economy context identifies a gap of a new scale for perceived environmental uncertainty. Three primary contributions are made by this research. First, a literature review for existing uncertainty scales and their evaluation in the context of emerging countries is provided. Second, the research identifies a gap in the uncertainty measurement literature that is relevant to emerging economies. Finally, this study proposes a future research scope that can bridge the identified gap by exploring the factors of uncertainty in emerging countries. },
	keywords = {business environment, emerging economies, India, startups, uncertainty},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/820},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/820},
	author = {Susmita Ghosh and Bhaskar Bhowmick and Kalyan Kumar Guin}
}
@article {822,
	title = {Q\&A. What is the Future of Entrepreneurship in India?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {46-49},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {ecosystem, entrepreneurship, incubators, India, social entrepreneurship, support agencies},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/822},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/822},
	author = {Ritu Dubey}
}
@article {819,
	title = {The Role of Managers as Agents in Successful Service Innovations: Evidence from India},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	pages = {18-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The article is based on a three-year study of 70 business executives belonging to 20 large organizations operating in India to identify the kind of interventions used by agents (managers) to make service innovations successful. For the purpose of analysis, the subject organizations were classified into highly successful, successful, and unsuccessful organizations on the basis of their growth rate, and their practices were analyzed to identify the role of agents in those processes or related decisions. The article also compares the practices followed by organizations based in India with global organizations operating in India to understand the contextual issues of service innovations.},
	keywords = {agents, entrepreneurship, global organizations, India, intrapreneurship, managers, service innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/819},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/819},
	author = {Shiv S. Tripathi}
}
