@article {1003,
	title = {Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven  Intellectual Property Management},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis {\textendash} rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company{\textquoteright}s IP portfolio.},
	keywords = {business model, competitive advantage, competitive arena, Innovation management, intellectual capital, intellectual property, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1003},
	author = {Daniel Eckelt and Christian D{\"u}lme and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier and Simon Hemel}
}
@article {984,
	title = {Editorial: Entrepreneurial India (May 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Brand India, entrepreneurship, higher education institutions, India, intellectual property, Make in India, Open innovation, research, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/984},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/984},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Dharmesh Raval}
}
@article {999,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (July 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business model innovation, circular economy, cooperation, industry, Innovation management, intellectual property, Open innovation, research infrastructure, value network design},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/999},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/999},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {989,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} An Introduction to Intellectual Property for Entrepreneurs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {27-29},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Canada, CIPO, copyright, entrepreneurship, industrial design, intellectual property, patents, startups, trade secrets, trademarks},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/989},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/989},
	author = {Elizabeth Collinson}
}
@article {894,
	title = {Disrupting the Disrupter: Strategic Countermeasures to Attack the Business Model of a Coercive Patent-Holding Firm},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	pages = {5-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A coercive patent-holding firm operates a business model that strategically targets firms to force unforeseen patent licensing rents. Coercive patent holders use aggressive litigation tactics to instantaneously create a complicated asymmetrical expensive problem with significant business risk. The strategy creates a dominant position by leveraging legal and business pressure to force the targeted firm into an involuntarily engagement with a coercive patent-holding firm. Such engagements can be quite profitable for the patent holders {\textendash} and quite devastating for targeted firms. Thus, this article attempts to synthesize a business model framework that reveals insights concerning the profit formula, key resources, and key processes that support the dominant position of coercive patent-holding firms. Based on this framework, we further synthesize countermeasures to disrupt these business model elements and diminish the dominant position. The insights and countermeasures reveal strategic options and tactics that can be leveraged against the business model of a coercive patent-holding firm to alter the dominant position and improve the business situation of the targeted firm. },
	keywords = {business model, business model framework, coercive patent holder, countermeasures, intellectual property, non-practicing entity, NPE, patent, patent arsenal, patent office policy, patent shark, patent troll},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/894},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/894},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {799,
	title = {A Citation-Based Patent Evaluation Framework to Reveal Hidden Value and Enable Strategic Business Decisions},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {4-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Patent evaluation methodologies enable firms to make informed strategic business decisions by associating and revealing hidden information surrounding a patent. However, the value of a patent depends on a firm{\textquoteright}s capabilities and strategic direction; therefore, a patent evaluation requires the information to be properly related and aligned with a particular business consideration. This article reviews the literature on citation-based patent evaluation methodologies and develops a framework to help managers and entrepreneurs identify strategic groups of business considerations. The framework shows how categories of information can be interrelated to different strategic groups of business considerations, thereby providing a competitive advantage to the evaluating firm. The article includes recommendations for managers and entrepreneurs to help them make citation-based patent evaluation an ongoing business practice to enable strategic decision making.},
	keywords = {citation-based patent evaluation, intellectual property, literature review, patent, patent citations, patent evaluation, patent value, prior art citation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/799},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/799},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {810,
	title = {Commercialization and Public Good: Conflict, Complement, or Critical Component?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	pages = {27-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The controversy regarding the role of science in society {\textendash} and how science can best achieve its role {\textendash} may well date as far back as the beginnings of science itself. The specific arguments and the possible mechanisms for science to impact society, however, have changed over time. This article picks up the conversation with regards to the specific role of publicly funded science, presuming, similar to Brecht in this article{\textquoteright}s opening quotation, that publicly funded science has the goal of making positive contributions to society. 

To achieve this goal, today{\textquoteright}s scientists and research managers face a myriad options of publication venues, protection mechanism, and collaborations with external partners including licensing and other options for commercialization. Oftentimes, the goal of achieving positive contributions to society is perceived as being in fundamental conflict with the restrictions many commercialization arrangements place on the use of knowledge. This article argues that, although commercialization may at times conflict with the goal of achieving positive contributions to society, it can also be complementary to pursuits towards societal contributions, or even a critical component in achieving the desired positive contributions to society. More specifically, it suggests that the use of the term {\textquotedblleft}science for the public good{\textquotedblright} as description of the goal to achieve positive societal contributions might create confusion with the economic term {\textquotedblleft}public good{\textquotedblright}. Thus, it seeks to reframe the discussion of how science can contribute to society in an era of increased openness and interaction. },
	keywords = {commercialization, intellectual property, public good, publicly funded science, science in society, societal benefits, technology transfer, university research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/810},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/810},
	author = {R. Sandra Schillo}
}
@article {788,
	title = {Editorial: Service and Innovation (May 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {05/2014},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {collaboration, innovation indicators, innovation practices, intellectual property, knowledge-intensive business services, living labs, online gaming, service business development, service design, service innovation, service-dominant logic, trademarks, value chains, value creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/788},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/788},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Risto Rajala and Marja Toivonen and Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {830,
	title = {Finding the Signal in the Noise of Patent Citations: How to Focus on Relevance for Strategic Advantage},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {36-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Patent evaluations based on prior art citation data are business methodologies that can reveal hidden relationships between a patent and the associated prior art citations. These hidden relationships can further identify firms, actors and, technology and can identify strategic business relationships and opportunities. However, a fundamental problem with existing methodologies for discovering relevant relationships in citation data is noise. Citation noise obscures relevant relationships and impedes the potential value of these methodologies. This article reviews the literature on prior art citations as they relate to citation-based patent evaluation methodologies. A framework is presented to overcome citation noise and reveal relevant relationships to evaluate knowledge, technology, and invention properties, thereby opening up strategic and competitive advantages to the evaluating firm. The article provides guidance to executives and managers to help improve strategic decision making through relevant citation-based patent evaluations.},
	keywords = {citation noise, citation-based patent evaluation, intellectual property, literature review, patent evaluation, patent evaluation limitations, prior art citations},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/830},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/830},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {689,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (June 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {case study, intellectual property, IT function, open source business, process ambidexterity, risk management, software licenses, startups, technology entrepreneurship, uncertainty},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/689},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/689},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {693,
	title = {Leveraging Old Intellectual Property to Accelerate Technology Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {21-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Acquiring or licensing assets to older technologies, including surviving intellectual property rights, is an often-overlooked viable strategy for accelerating technology entrepreneurship. This strategy can help entrepreneurs short-cut the growth of a customer base, reduce development effort, and shorten the time to market with a minimum viable product. However, this strategy is not without risk; entrepreneurs need to be careful that the acquired intellectual property rights are not fraught with issues that could severely outweigh any perceived value. Proper investigation is required to ensure success because the current literature fails to provide tools that an entrepreneur can apply when considering the acquisition of intellectual property. 

This article includes a case study of a technology company {\textendash} Piranha Games {\textendash} that indirectly acquired sole and exclusive access to a substantial historical customer base by acquiring and licensing older technology and surviving intellectual property assets. The founders then leveraged the existing product brand and its historical customers to acquire significant funding and went global with a minimum viable product in three years. The copyright and trademark assets provided value on day one to Piranha Games by making it difficult and risky for others to exploit the technology. Based on this case study, this article offers recommendations to entrepreneurs who may benefit from acquiring old intellectual property to accelerate the growth of their startups.},
	keywords = {accelerated startup, business models, copyright, crowdfunding, due diligence, entrepreneurs, funding, intellectual property, old technology, product development clearance, trademark},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/693},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/693},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {666,
	title = {Local Open Innovation: How to Go from Ideas to Solutions},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {21-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Local open innovation can be used to create a powerful dynamic within a local multi-stakeholder environment. This article shares the experiences of setting up a collaborative innovation process in a regional initiative in the Netherlands. In the first phase of the process, a couple of interactive idea generating sessions have been organized. These so called Quest for Solutions sessions have not only generated a rich set of useful solutions, but they also created a positive vibe within the local community. Factors that have contributed to the success of the idea generation sessions are working around real-life problems involving people who are directly affected by the problem. The structure of the sessions with alternating phases of divergence, exploration, and convergence allowed for broad understanding of the problems, exploration of potential solutions, and working towards result-oriented value statements. Key challenges in translating the ideas into solutions have been determining the value case and dealing with intellectual property. Special attention is given to the notion of innovative contract design as a means of dealing with intellectual property in an environment of local open innovation. },
	keywords = {intellectual property, local open innovation, Maintenance Valuepark, Quest for Solutions, regional innovation ecosystem},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/666},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/666},
	author = {Oscar Smulders}
}
@article {668,
	title = {University-SME Collaboration and Open Innovation: Intellectual-Property Management Tools and the Roles of Intermediaries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {33-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2009, the Conseil de la science et de la technologie du Qu{\'e}bec (CST) made 13 recommendations to the Government of Quebec in order to shift innovative actors towards open-innovation practices adapted to the province{\textquoteright}s context: diversified economic sectors, a majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), public universities, etc. Among these recommendations are: i) to set up flexible mechanisms to promote research collaboration between public-private sectors such as universities and SMEs, and ii) to optimize intermediation bodies{\textquoteright} contribution to establish open-innovation practices. Furthermore, the lack of adequate understanding and tools for the management of intellectual property (IP) was identified as a major inhibitor of open-innovation practices, to which actors should pay specific attention. In this article, we present results and recommendations from a field study focused on two groups of actors: i) companies involved in collaborative innovation and ii) intermediary agents enabling innovation and technology transfer. Our first goal was to shed some light on factors that facilitate open innovation through improved university-enterprise collaborations and, more importantly, that attempt to overcome the irritants related to IP management. Our second goal was to analyze the roles of diverse intermediaries in the fostering of successful collaborations between universities and SMEs. 

Our study yielded three findings: i) SMEs do not care about understanding and improving their capabilities about IP and are not equipped with adequate tools and best practices for managing IP and for managing the overall collaborative mechanisms in general; ii) this gap in preparation for open innovation is persistent, since even the intermediaries, whose role is to guide SMEs in university-enterprise collaborations, suffer themselves from the lack of appropriate IP transfer and sharing tools, and do not perceive the need to offer better support in this regard; and iii) overall, current IP-transfer and collaboration-management tools are not sophisticated enough to provide appropriate support for the implementation of open innovation, by which we mean more open and collaborative innovation in the context of university-enterprise collaborations.},
	keywords = {intellectual property, intermediaries, IP management, Open innovation, technology transfer, university-enterprise collaboration, university-SME collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/668},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/668},
	author = {Isabelle Deschamps and Maria G. Macedo and Christian Eve-Levesque}
}
@article {632,
	title = {Editorial: Recent Research (December 2012)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {12/2012},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {consumer IT, electric vehicles, intellectual property, marketing strategy, neuromarketing, open source software, open source software foundations, research, Sprott School of Business, Technology Innovation Management program},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/632},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/632},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {549,
	title = {The Role of Universities in Technology Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {04/2012},
	pages = {35-40},
	abstract = {This article discusses the role that universities play in the process of technology entrepreneurship, where entrepreneurship is restricted to the process of launching and supporting small and medium-sized technology-based businesses. The article briefly discusses a few of the issues that influence a university{\textquoteright}s participation in the process of entrepreneurship. Although there is no {\textquotedblleft}one-size-fits-all{\textquotedblright} model, the article discusses various ways that Canadian universities may help entrepreneurs, including contract research, the provision of business parks, and sensible handling of intellectual property issues.    Finally, the article suggests that the return on {\textquotedblleft}investment{\textquotedblright}, for both the university and the province, is a difficult thing to measure {\textendash} nevertheless, participation in the entrepreneurship process may result in some tangible and intangible benefits for both parties.},
	keywords = {business parks, economic development, entrepreneurship, intellectual property, research, spinoffs, universities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/549},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/549},
	author = {Jonathan Wells}
}
@article {638,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Intellectual Property Paradigms for Global Business},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {12/2012},
	pages = {43-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {global business, intellectual property, IP, patents, strategy, trademarks},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/638},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/638},
	author = {Gordon Freedman}
}
@article {500,
	title = {Editorial: Intellectual Property Rights (December 2011)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {intellectual property, intellectual property rights, IP, IPR, patents},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/500},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/500},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Peter Carbone}
}
@article {504,
	title = {Intellectual Property Rights: Unlocking the Value of this New Asset Class},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {23-28},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Discussing the value of intellectual property (IP) has become a common theme in today{\textquoteright}s mainstream press and is now central to the business strategy of a growing number of technology companies, both large and small, domestically and internationally. This focus on IP and intellectual property rights (IPR) is a trend that has developed over the last several years as a result of a convergence of factors including the growth of the patent monetization industry, ongoing reforms to U.S. patent law, the emergence of China and other countries in the Far East as technology-production hubs, and the advocacy of the {\textquotedblleft}knowledge-centric{\textquotedblright} economy. In this article, we look at the monetization of patents and the emergence of a vibrant industry based on IPR as a new and highly prized asset class.},
	keywords = {asset class, intellectual property, intellectual property rights, patents},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/504},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/504},
	author = {Daniel J. Henry}
}
@article {501,
	title = {Patent Value: A Business Perspective for Technology Startups},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {5-11},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In the last year, news headlines have highlighted record patent infringement settlements, multibillion dollar auctions of large corporate patent portfolios, and ongoing patent battles between key technology industry players. Despite this acknowledgment of the significant value of patents for large corporations, many small technology companies are understandably more focused on the near-term costs of obtaining a patent rather than future value. Costs may seem prohibitive to an early stage technology startup. Some software startups question whether patents are relevant to their business. 

In practice, effective intellectual property (IP) strategy and management is dependent on many factors, such as technology or industry sector, size and maturity of the business, technology lifecycle, and the business and market environment. IP strategy must be aligned to business strategy from the outset. By considering IP in the broader context of the overall business plan and the competitive environment, opportunities for generating increased return on R\&D investment and added business value through patents or other forms of IP can be recognized early on. This approach ensures that a decision about whether or not to patent is driven by business reasons rather than budget constraints.

This article examines the costs and benefits of patents from the perspective of early-stage technology startups and growing businesses, and it provides some general guidance on best practices for developing an IP and patent activity plan and for building a patent portfolio that appropriately supports business objectives.},
	keywords = {business value, intellectual property, patenting costs, patents, strategy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/501},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/501},
	author = {Angela de Wilton}
}
@article {505,
	title = {Reasons for Patent Protection and Cost-effective Patent Filing Options for SMEs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {29-33},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Many innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not seek patent protection for their innovations, either because they are skeptical about the perceived benefits or wary of the perceived costs. However, by failing to protect their intellectual property with patents, they leave themselves exposed to attack by other patent holders. This article explores arguments for patent protection as well as filing options that can protract the patenting process while simultaneously reducing patenting costs. By choosing their patent application filings wisely, SMEs can keep their patenting options open for as long as possible while delaying costs.},
	keywords = {innovation, intellectual property, patent cost, patent filing, patent protection},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/505},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/505},
	author = {Natalie Raffoul and Art Brion}
}
