@article {1372,
	title = {A Conceptual Development of a Business Model Typology in Tourism: the impact of digitalization and location},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {07/2020},
	pages = {17-28},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {17},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This paper aims to conceptually develop a business model typology in tourism. It focuses on digitalization and destination location as important contextual factors when developing the typology. The paper builds on prior research on business models and tourism research by adopting configuration theory to create a typology of business models in tourism businesses. Four business model archetypes are identified: (1) bricks and mortar business models, (2) digitalized destinations, (3) create a destination, and (4) intermediary business models. The typology contributes to the literature by identifying different types of business models in the tourism sector. The typology also helps to ground the business model concept theoretically, something that has been considered as missing in previous business model research.},
	keywords = {business models, configurations, destination, digitalization, location, technology, tourism, typology},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1372},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1372},
	author = {Gabriel Linton and Christina {\"O}berg}
}
@article {1396,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (October 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {10/2020},
	pages = {3-3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Advanced Analytics, AI maturity. Data science, AI value chain, AI-driven platform innovation, Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, business decision-making, business model components, business models, content analysis, data-dominant logic, dominant logic, empirical study, enterprise platform, industries, online communication, online data collection, organizational and managerial requirements, principal component analysis, R\&D, research and development, secondary data. Sustainability, SMEs. Disruptive innovation, sustainable innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1396},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1396},
	author = {Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1394,
	title = {A Systematic Analysis of how Practitioners Articulate Business Models across Disruptive Industries},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {10/2020},
	pages = {29-42},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {29},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Ongoing debates surround the role of business models in understanding the dynamics related to disruptive innovation. Too little is still known about how practitioners highlight different characteristics of business models across industries confronted with disruptive dynamics. This shortcoming in current debates hampers a better understanding of the context-dependent phenomenon of "disruption", ultimately limiting the development of adequate business strategies for incumbents and entrepreneurs alike. Consequently, we generated a systematic database of communicated business models from 1,095 relevant press releases and company reports published between 1995 and 2019. The business models from the retrieved articles were assigned to their corresponding industry using the Global Industry Categorization Standard (GICS) to allow for diverse categorization. Subsequently, we performed a deductive coding procedure, building on accepted business model component classifications. Our study contributes insights about relevant business model components, drawing on practitioner experiences in the face of disruptive dynamics.},
	keywords = {business model components, business models, content analysis, disruptive innovation, industries, secondary data},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1394},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1394},
	author = {Alina Marie Herting and Alexander Lennart Schmidt}
}
@article {1270,
	title = {Editorial: Celebrating Innovation in Florence (October 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {10/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	chapter = {3},
	keywords = {behavioural economics, behavioural science, bibliometric analysis, business models, Buyer-Supplier Relationships, choice architecture, collaboration, consumer-to-business, Content creator-based business models, content creators, creativity management, digital platforms, digital technologies, digital transformation, Digital user involvement, digitalization, digitization, disruption, e-commerce, human-centered data economy, IIoT, Industry 4.0, innovation, innovation policy, intellectual commerce, Living lab, mission-led science, multisided platforms, personal data, research impact, social commerce, Supplier Integration, taxonomy, user-generated content},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev and Gregory Sandstrom}
}
@article {1250,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (July 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {07/2019},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {accelerators, adoption, Africa, architecture, business ecosystems, business models, design, digital payments, entrepreneurship, incubators, Innovation management, ISPIM, knowledge management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1250},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1250},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1220,
	title = {Editorial: Living Labs (March 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {03/2019},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {accelerators, business models, frameworks, innovation, living labs, Open innovation, stakeholders, sustainability, tools, UN Sustainable Development Goals, urban living labs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1220},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1220},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st and Abdolrasoul Habibipour and Mari Runardotter and Diana Chron{\'e}er}
}
@article {1160,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (June 2018)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {06/2018},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {3D printing, additive manufacturing, Amazon, boundary spanning, business models, civic innovation, culture, entrepreneurship, innovation integrators, knowledge transfer, living labs, sociotechnical systems, startup, university{\textendash}industry collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1160},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1160},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1141,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (March 2018)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {analytics, big data, business models, closed innovation, ecosystems, emerging economies, innovation, internationalization, Internet of Things, Open innovation, technology startups, value creation, value propositions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1141},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1141},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1154,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (May 2018)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {05/2018},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business models, co-creation, drop out, entrepreneurship, facilitation, innovation, internationalization, lean global startups, living labs, services, servitization, stakeholders, users, value propositions, value-in-use},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1154},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1154},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1115,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (November 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {academic publishing, business models, cities, collaboration, entrepreneurship, fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, IOT, living labs, open access, open data, Open innovation, social innovation, value propositions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1115},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1115},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1006,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (August 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {08/2016},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {audience commodification, business models, co-creation, corporate entrepreneurship, digital maturity model, digitization, front end of innovation, idea selection, user stories},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1006},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1006},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {1033,
	title = {A Process for Co-Creating Shared Value with the Crowd: Tourism Case Studies from a Regional Innovation System in Western Switzerland},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11/2016},
	pages = {32-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Despite the presence of a regional innovation system, the gross value added attributed to tourism in the Swiss region of Valais is declining. Innovation policies fostering private initiatives and collaboration between companies, researchers, and coaching services have been reinforced recently, and policy instruments are in place to support strategic industries. However, no incitement instrument is dedicated to supporting the co-creation and the creation of shared value through local actors. This article presents a co-creation process of shared value and the lessons learned while implementing a new mode of innovation and entrepreneurship in two case studies in the peripheral region of Valais, Switzerland. The aim of the process is the co-creation of shared value-based business models, with an emphasis on the use of crowdsourcing to find new ways to create shared value.},
	keywords = {business models, co-creation, crowdsourcing, innovation, regional innovation system, shared value, tourism, tourism cluster},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1033},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1033},
	author = {Vincent Gr{\`e}zes and B{\'e}atrice Girod Lehmann and Marc Schnyder and Antoine Perruchoud}
}
@article {947,
	title = {Editorial: Living Labs and User Innovation (December 2015)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {12/2015},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business models, closed innovation, context, crowdsourcing, innovation networks, living labs, Open innovation, spaces and places, urban living labs, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/947},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/947},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Seppo Leminen and Dimitri Schuurman and Mika Westerlund and Eelko Huizingh}
}
@article {757,
	title = {The Businesses of Open Data and Open Source: Some Key Similarities and Differences},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {12-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business models, entrepreneurship, licensing, open data, open source},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/757},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/757},
	author = {Juho Lindman and Linus Nyman}
}
@article {852,
	title = {Editorial: Innovation and Entrepreneurship (December 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {12/2014},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {3D printing, business models, commercialization, disruption, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovation capacity, innovation culture, patents, social entrepreneurship, social innovation, spinoffs, university technology transfer, value propositions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/852},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/852},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {806,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (July 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {ambidexterity, business ecosystems, business models, entrepreneurship, improvisation, innovation, Internet of Things, knowledge-intensive business services, platforms, public good, publicly funded research, standards, strategy, value co-creation, value design},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/806},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/806},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {755,
	title = {Editorial: Open Source Business (January 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {3},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business models, collaboration, ecosystems, licensing, open data, open source business, open source software, patterns},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/755},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/755},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {759,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} The Business of Open Source},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {28-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {architecture, business models, community, engagement, entrepreneurship, licensing, open source software, patterns},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/759},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/759},
	author = {Michael Weiss}
}
@article {693,
	title = {Leveraging Old Intellectual Property to Accelerate Technology Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {21-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Acquiring or licensing assets to older technologies, including surviving intellectual property rights, is an often-overlooked viable strategy for accelerating technology entrepreneurship. This strategy can help entrepreneurs short-cut the growth of a customer base, reduce development effort, and shorten the time to market with a minimum viable product. However, this strategy is not without risk; entrepreneurs need to be careful that the acquired intellectual property rights are not fraught with issues that could severely outweigh any perceived value. Proper investigation is required to ensure success because the current literature fails to provide tools that an entrepreneur can apply when considering the acquisition of intellectual property. 

This article includes a case study of a technology company {\textendash} Piranha Games {\textendash} that indirectly acquired sole and exclusive access to a substantial historical customer base by acquiring and licensing older technology and surviving intellectual property assets. The founders then leveraged the existing product brand and its historical customers to acquire significant funding and went global with a minimum viable product in three years. The copyright and trademark assets provided value on day one to Piranha Games by making it difficult and risky for others to exploit the technology. Based on this case study, this article offers recommendations to entrepreneurs who may benefit from acquiring old intellectual property to accelerate the growth of their startups.},
	keywords = {accelerated startup, business models, copyright, crowdfunding, due diligence, entrepreneurs, funding, intellectual property, old technology, product development clearance, trademark},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/693},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/693},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {676,
	title = {Strategic Partnerships and Open Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry in Belgium},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {04/2013},
	pages = {23-28},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Strategic partnerships in the biotechnology industry allow new technology-based firms to gain a foothold in this high-cost, high-risk industry. In this article, we examine the impact of strategic partnerships and open innovation on the success of new biotechnology firms in Belgium by developing multiple case studies of firms in regional biotechnology clusters. We find that, despite their small size and relative immaturity, new biotechnology firms are able to adopt innovative business models by providing R\&D and services to larger firms and openly cooperating with them through open innovation. },
	keywords = {Belgium, biotechnology, business models, Open innovation, R\&D, strategic partnerships},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/676},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/676},
	author = {Jean-Pierre Segers}
}
@article {707,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Green Business Models to Change the World: How Can Entrepreneurs Ride the Sustainability Wave?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {07/2013},
	pages = {53-57},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {business models, eco-efficiency, entrepreneurship, green innovation, sustainability, value creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/707},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/707},
	author = {Mika Westerlund}
}
@article {545,
	title = {Business Model Discovery by Technology Entrepreneurs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {04/2012},
	pages = {5-16},
	abstract = {Value creation and value capture are central to technology entrepreneurship. The ways in which a particular firm creates and captures value are the foundation of that firm{\textquoteright}s business model, which is an explanation of how the business delivers value to a set of customers at attractive profits. Despite the deep conceptual link between business models and technology entrepreneurship, little is known about the processes by which technology entrepreneurs produce successful business models. This article makes three contributions to partially address this knowledge gap. First, it argues that business model discovery by technology entrepreneurs can be, and often should be, disciplined by both intention and structure. Second, it provides a tool for disciplined business model discovery that includes an actionable process and a worksheet for describing a business model in a form that is both concise and explicit. Third, it shares preliminary results and lessons learned from six technology entrepreneurs applying a disciplined process to strengthen or reinvent the business models of their own nascent technology businesses.},
	keywords = {business models, commercialization, innovation, technology entrepreneurship, value capture, value creation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/545},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/545},
	author = {Steven Muegge}
}
@article {604,
	title = {Designing Viable Business Models for Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {19-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Over 300 regions have integrated the concept of living labs into their economic development strategy since 2006, when the former Finnish Prime Minister Esko Aho launched the living lab innovation policy initiative during his term of European presidency. Despite motivating initial results, however, success cases of turning research into usable new products and services remain few and uncertainty remains on what living labs actually do and contribute. This practitioner-oriented article presents a business excellence model that shows processes of idea creation and team mobilization, new product development, user involvement, and entrepreneurship through which living labs deliver high-potential investment opportunities. Customers of living labs are identified as investors such as venture capitalists or industrial firms because living labs can generate revenue from them to create their own sustainable business model. The article concludes that living labs provide extensive support {\textquotedblleft}lab{\textquotedblright} infrastructure and that it remains a formidable challenge to finance it, which calls for a more intensive debate.},
	keywords = {business excellence model, business models, co-creation, living labs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/604},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/604},
	author = {Bernhard Katzy}
}
@article {635,
	title = {An Enterprise Perspective on Customer Value Propositions for Open Source Software},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {12/2012},
	pages = {28-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Research on open source software (OSS) has examined value creation primarily from the perspective of the individuals and suppliers that create the software. The perspective of enterprise users who use and pay for OSS has been largely neglected so far. Understanding what paying customers want and how to create products and services they value is the cornerstone of any business model. Therefore, research on what enterprise users value in OSS is of paramount importance to OSS solution suppliers; it can be used to create a new customer base and sustain an existing one. 
This study examines the value of OSS as perceived by enterprise customers. Through an analysis of three literature streams (firm participation in open source software, business models, and customer value), a model on customer value creation was developed. Interviews were conducted with nine decision makers from enterprises that use OSS in operational projects. The key findings of this research are that: i) the maturity of the software determines the degree to which customers value their relationship with the supplier; ii) customers value differentiating functionality and costs savings; and iii) switching costs with OSS depend on the size, complexity, and dependencies of the software itself. This research identifies the points of value that the suppliers of OSS should focus on, and it points to the need for marketing strategies that can demonstrate this value to enterprise customers. },
	keywords = {business models, customer value creation, enterprise customers, marketing strategy, open source software, open source suppliers},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/635},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/635},
	author = {Aparna Shanker}
}
@article {566,
	title = {The Physical Internet and Business Model Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	pages = {32-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Building on the analogy of data packets within the Digital Internet, the Physical Internet is a concept that dramatically transforms how physical objects are designed, manufactured, and distributed. This approach is open, efficient, and sustainable beyond traditional proprietary logistical solutions, which are often plagued by inefficiencies. The Physical Internet redefines supply chain configurations, business models, and value-creation patterns. Firms are bound to be less dependent on operational scale and scope trade-offs because they will be in a position to offer novel hybrid products and services that would otherwise destroy value. Finally, logistical chains become flexible and reconfigurable in real time, thus becoming better in tune with firm strategic choices. This article focuses on the potential impact of the Physical Internet on business model innovation, both from the perspectives of Physical-Internet enabled and enabling business models.},
	keywords = {business models, logistics, physical internet, supply chains},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/566},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/566},
	author = {Benoit Montreuil and Jean-Fran{\c c}ois Roug{\`e}s and Yan Cimon and Diane Poulin}
}
