@article {1071,
	title = {Editorial: Lean and Global (May 2017)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, entrepreneurship, global, international new venture, internationalization, lean, startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1071},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1071},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1077,
	title = {Initiating a New Research Phase in the Field of International Entrepreneurship: An Interview with Professor Nicole Coviello},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {52-56},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, definitions, international business, international entrepreneurship, international new ventures, internationalization, lean and global startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1077},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1077},
	author = {Nicole Coviello and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1072,
	title = {Is There a Lean Future for Global Startups?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {6-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article integrates insights from the latest research on the lean startup entrepreneurial method, born-global firms, and global startups. It contributes to the clarification of terminology referring to the global aspects of startups, summarizes insights from previous literature focusing on global startups, and further substantiates the articulation of the need for considering the lean global startup as a new type of firm. The main message is that the lessons learned from the emergence of lean startup entrepreneurship offer a basis for promoting a similar lean phase in technology-based global startup research and practice. The analysis should benefit both researchers and practitioners in technology entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, and global innovation management. },
	keywords = {born global, global startup, international entrepreneurship, international new venture, lean global startup, lean startup, technology startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1072},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1072},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {826,
	title = {Conceptualizing Innovation in Born-Global Firms},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {5-10},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article summarizes the insights from a systematic study of the research literature focusing on the innovation aspects of born-global firms {\textendash} ventures that were launched to exploit a global niche from the earliest days of their operations. The authors provide a snapshot of opinions on the different aspects of innovation in the way they were conceptualized in the academic literature. The insights are based on a selection of 32 peer-reviewed journal articles addressing the different challenges associated with early internationalization and innovation in such ventures. The article emphasizes that the early internationalization of new ventures should be considered as an innovation process in itself and that innovation and internationalization have a positive effect on each other. In addition, it points out the role of knowledge acquisition and networking capabilities as key innovation enablers and refers to the emergence of the lean startup perspective on the innovation processes in born-global firms. The suggested insights will be relevant to researchers and practitioners interested in the relationship between early internationalization and innovation in international new ventures and lean global startups.},
	keywords = {born global, business model, early internationalization, Innovation management, lean startup approach},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/826},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/826},
	author = {Erik Zijdemans and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {845,
	title = {Cybersecurity Startups: The Importance of Early and Rapid Globalization},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {11/2014},
	pages = {14-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Corporations and government agencies worldwide seek to ensure that their networks are safe from cyber-attacks, and startups are being launched to take advantage of this expanded market for cybersecurity products, services, and solutions. The cybersecurity market is inherently global; therefore, cybersecurity startups must globalize to survive. With this article, we fill a gap in the literature by identifying the factors that make a technology startup valuable to specific stakeholders (e.g., investors, customers, employees) and by providing a tool and illustrating a process to describe, design, challenge, and invent the actions that should be performed to globalize a cybersecurity startup early and rapidly for the purpose of increasing its value. The development of the tool builds on recent advances in the resource-based literature, the review of the literature on born-global firms and business model discovery processes, and the experience gained operating the Lead to Win ecosystem. This article will be of interest to entrepreneurs and their venture teams, investors, business development agencies, advisors, and mentors of cybersecurity startups as well as researchers who develop tools and approaches that are relevant to technology entrepreneurs. },
	keywords = {born global, cybersecurity, globalization, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/845},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/845},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Erik Zijdemans}
}
@article {825,
	title = {Editorial: Insights (September 2014)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, crowdsourcing, entrepreneurship, innovation, internationalization, patent citations, patent evaluation, social networks, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/825},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/825},
	author = {Chris McPhee}
}
@article {613,
	title = {Editorial: Born Global (October 2012)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent FIrst Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship, export, globalization, internationalization, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/613},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/613},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Tony Bailetti}
}
@article {532,
	title = {Global from the Start: The Characteristics of Born-Global Firms in the Technology Sector},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {03/2012},
	pages = {5-8},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article provides insights from recent research on firms that are "born global". A born-global firm is a venture launched to exploit a global niche from the first day of its operations. The insights in this article are relevant to technology entrepreneurs and top management teams of new technology firms. After discussing various definitions for the term "born global" and identifying the main characteristics of born-global firms, this article lists a few salient characteristics of firms that are born global in the technology sector. The article concludes by identifying opportunities for future research.},
	keywords = {born global, international business, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/532},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/532},
	author = {Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {617,
	title = {Global Mindset: An Entrepreneur{\textquoteright}s Perspective on the Born-Global Approach},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {27-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The born-global approach calls for a startup to address the needs of a global market from inception. This approach provides an attractive alternative to the conventional staged approach to internationalization whereby a startup first operates in its home market and then enters one or more foreign markets sequentially. This article highlights the mindset change that an entrepreneur must make to move from the conventional staged approach to the born-global approach. The author of this article is an experienced entrepreneur and the article describes his own mindset change that occurred when enacting the born-global approach. The author uses his own experience and company as a case study to develop recommendations for other entrepreneurs who are evaluating the born-global approach to launch and grow a technology company. },
	keywords = {born global, economic development, entrepreneurship, globalization, internationalization, startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/617},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/617},
	author = {Robert Poole}
}
@article {618,
	title = {Market Channels of Technology Startups that Internationalize Rapidly from Inception},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {32-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The study of technology startups that internationalize rapidly from inception has increased in recent years. However, little is known about their channels to market. This article addresses a gap in the "born global" literature by examining the channels used by six startups that internationalized rapidly from inception as well as the programs they used to support their channel partners and customers. The six startups examined combined the use of the Internet with: i) a relationship with a multi-national, ii) distributors, iii) re-sellers, or iv) a direct sales force. They also delivered programs to support partners and customers that focused on communications, alliance and network development, education, marketing and promotion, and financial incentives. 

This article informs entrepreneurs who need to design go-to-market channels to exploit global opportunities about decisions made by other entrepreneurs who launched born-global companies. Normative rules and practitioner-oriented approaches are needed to help entrepreneurs explain and apply the results presented in this article. },
	keywords = {born global, channel partner, globalization, internationalization, market channels, marketing, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/618},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/618},
	author = {Simar Yoos}
}
@article {628,
	title = {Q\&A. What Does a Global Startup Need to Know to Enter China?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {11/2012},
	pages = {41-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, China, globalization, internationalization, market entry, market research, startup, strategy},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/628},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/628},
	author = {Sara Rauchwerger}
}
@article {609,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series - Born Global: A Pharmaceutical Startup Perspective},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	pages = {50-53},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, entrepreneurship, globalization, internationalization, pharmaceutical},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/609},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/609},
	author = {Louis R. Lamontagne}
}
@article {615,
	title = {To Internationalize Rapidly from Inception: Crowdsource},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {17-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology entrepreneurs continuously search for tools to accelerate the internationalization of their startups. For the purpose of internationalizing rapidly from inception, we propose that technology startups use crowdsourcing to internalize the tacit knowledge embodied in members of a crowd distributed across various geographies.  For example, a technology startup can outsource to a large crowd the definition of a customer problem that occurs across various geographies, the development of the best solution to the problem, and the identification of attractive business expansion opportunities. 

In this article, we analyze how three small firms use crowdsourcing, discuss the benefits of crowdsourcing, and offer six recommendations to technology entrepreneurs interested in using crowdsourcing to rapidly internationalize their startups from inception.},
	keywords = {born global, crowdsourcing, entrepreneurship, globalization, internationalization, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/615},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/615},
	author = {Elnaz Heidari and Mohsen Akhavannia and Nirosh Kannangara}
}
@article {616,
	title = {Using Social Media to Accelerate the Internationalization of Startups from Inception},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {22-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A set of principles, processes, and tools that entrepreneurs can use to rapidly internationalize their technology startups from inception does not exist. This article discusses entrepreneurs{\textquoteright} use of online social media networks to rapidly internationalize their startups from inception. The article was inspired by how the founders of Dewak S.A. rapidly internationalized their technology startup. Dewak was founded by five unemployed Colombians in June 2008. Two years later, foreign sales comprised 95\% of the firm{\textquoteright}s revenue and provided the founders with full-time employment. Dewak{\textquoteright}s only channel to market was via online social media networks. 

Recognizing that entrepreneurs can use social media to amplify their tacit knowledge and convert it into sellable products and services contributes to the development of a learning-based view of rapid internationalization from inception. The article provides entrepreneurs seeking to launch and grow global businesses with four recommendations that may save them time and money and increase the size of their addressable markets. },
	keywords = {born global, entrepreneurship, globalization, internationalization, rapid internationalization, social media, startups, tacit knowledge, technology startup},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/616},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/616},
	author = {Tony Maltby}
}
@article {614,
	title = {What Technology Startups Must Get Right to Globalize Early and Rapidly},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	pages = {5-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Upon or shortly after inception, growth-oriented technology startups must operate in a market that is global. Management teams and investors of technology startups can benefit from approaches and models that can help them operate in a global market early and rapidly. How well a technology startup addresses the realities of globalization will determine its success. A better understanding of what management teams and investors of technology startups must get right to globalize their startups is needed. This article is an attempt to meet this need. 

In this article, lessons that have been extracted from six literature streams and from information on 21 startups founded in 12 countries are used to identify the six elements that a startup must get right to globalize early and rapidly. These six elements are: i) Problem scope, ii) Stakeholders{\textquoteright} commitments, iii) Collaborative entrepreneurship, iv) Relational capital, v) Legitimacy, and vi) Global capability. The main contribution of this article is that it throws the spotlight on the need to develop prescriptive rules and practitioner-oriented models that can help a technology startup operate globally from an early stage. },
	keywords = {born global, effectuation logic, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship, global startups, globalization, gradual internationalization, internalization, international new ventures, internationalization, multinational, rapid internationalization, startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/614},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/614},
	author = {Tony Bailetti}
}
