@article {1149,
	title = {Approach for a Pattern-Based Development of Frugal Innovations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {04/2018},
	pages = {14-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Emerging markets have become increasingly interesting for companies from industrialized countries, but the requirements in these markets differ dramatically from those in the companies{\textquoteright} traditional markets. New products and services are demanded {\textendash} so-called frugal innovations. Since the challenges for the development of frugal innovations are often quite similar {\textendash} for example, low income of the target customer, poor infrastructure, etc. {\textendash} the hypothesis appears that the solutions will also be similar. In our earlier TIM Review article (Lehner \& Gausemeier, 2016), we showed how solution patterns for frugal innovations can be derived. The article at hand summarizes those findings and supplements an innovation process for frugal innovation using the solution patterns. The validation based on the example of telemedical assistant systems shows the benefit of the pattern-based development of frugal innovations. The article addresses managers and engineers who plan to introduce frugal innovations, as well as university-based researchers interested in the development of frugal innovations.},
	keywords = {business model, emerging markets, frugal innovations, patterns, products and services},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1149},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1149},
	author = {Anne-Christin Lehner and Christian Koldewey and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier}
}
@article {1003,
	title = {Detecting White Spots in Innovation-Driven  Intellectual Property Management},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technology companies scan the competitive arena for patents to discover research activities and technology trends. Patents are the outcome of innovation processes that take several month or even years, depending on the industry. The process of publishing patents usually lasts longer. A huge time gap of up to several years between early research and development activities and published patents is the consequence. Therefore, a patent is a weak indicator for the identification of early innovation activities. However, the inventor needs intellectual assets such as data, knowledge, and expertise to carry out an innovation process. It is likely that these intellectual assets can improve the competitor analysis {\textendash} rendering them primary targets. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to detect intellectual property (IP) activities of stakeholders in selected technology fields (e.g., hiring experts, taking part in research projects, gathering specific data). A technology field with a low intensity of IP activities offers great opportunities, which we call a "white spot". Our proposed approach can help identify the white spots in innovation-driven IP management and thereby help devise recommendations to improve a company{\textquoteright}s IP portfolio.},
	keywords = {business model, competitive advantage, competitive arena, Innovation management, intellectual capital, intellectual property, value proposition},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1003},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1003},
	author = {Daniel Eckelt and Christian D{\"u}lme and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier and Simon Hemel}
}
@article {971,
	title = {A Pattern-Based Approach to the Development of Frugal Innovations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {03/2016},
	pages = {13-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The economic rise of emerging markets induces a rapid growth of the global middle class. This new mass market demands products and services adapted to the needs of the local population {\textendash} so called "frugal innovations". Engineers often face similar challenges while developing products and services for these markets, and therefore may develop similar solutions. By the abstraction of these solutions to transferrable solution patterns, the efficiency of the development process could be increased. In this article, we introduce a systematic approach to develop a pattern system for frugal innovations. Based on 29 selected frugal innovations, we derived the problems that led to the development of the analyzed frugal innovations. By categorizing these problems, we deduced six problem categories: education, environment, culture, infrastructure, regulation, and finance. We stripped down the solutions to these problems to their core principles, and in our subsequent analysis, we identified 56 solution patterns. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between the abstracted solution patterns, problem areas, and frugal innovations. By using a pattern-based approach, the efficiency of the product development process could be improved significantly. As well, patterns may generate new impetus and increase creativity.},
	keywords = {business model, developing markets, emerging markets, frugal innovations, market service, pattern catalogue, pattern system, solution patterns},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/971},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/971},
	author = {Anne-Christin Lehner and J{\"u}rgen Gausemeier}
}
